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Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) is an approach to policy making and tactical decision-making for police departments. It is an extension of evidence-based medicine and evidence-based policy. Advocates of evidence-based policing emphasize the value of statistical analysis, empirical research and ideally randomized controlled trials. EBP does not dismiss more traditional drivers of police decision-making, but seeks to raise awareness and increase the application of scientific testing, targeting and tracking of police resources, especially during times of budget cuts and greater public scrutiny. == Origins == Experimental criminologist Lawrence Sherman is acknowledged as the founder of evidence-based policing. To some, he is known as the "father" of evidence based policing.〔Cabrera, Angel (2013) President, George Mason University, tweet on April 8, 2013 (https://twitter.com/CabreraAngel/status/321330010600386560)〕 With fellow criminologist Richard Berk, Sherman published the first randomized controlled trial of the effects of arrest on repeat offending.〔Sherman, Lawrence; Richard Berk (1984). "The Specific Deterrent Effects of Arrest for Spouse Assault: A Field Experiment". American Sociological Review 49(2): 261-272.〕 With fellow criminologist David Weisburd, Sherman conducted a ground breaking study in 1995 which showed the efficacy of focusing police crime prevention resources on small hot spots of crime.〔Sherman, Lawrence; David Weisburd (1995). "General Deterrent Effects of Police Patrol in Crime ‘Hot Spots’: A Randomized Study". Justice Quarterly 12 (4): 625–648.〕 In a 1998 Police Foundation lecture, Sherman outlined the concept of "evidence-based policing".〔Sherman, Lawrence (1998) "Evidence-based policing", Ideas in American Policing, Washington D.C: Police Foundation. (http://www.policefoundation.org/content/evidence-based-policing)〕 His core idea was that police practice can be made far more effective if tactics proven to work during controlled field experiments are prioritized. In February 2000, Sherman co-founded the Campbell Collaboration's Crime and Justice Group, which has pursued the synthesis of research evidence on the effectiveness of policing and other crime prevention practices. The first professional Society of Evidence-Based Policing was founded at Cambridge University in 2010, and now has some 2,000 members from mostly UK police agencies (see http://www.sebp.police.uk/). In 2013, police in collaboration with the University of Queensland established the Australian-New Zealand Society of Evidence-Based Policing, which now has over 500 members (see http://www.anzsebp.com/). In 2015, both Canada (see http://www.can-sebp.net/) and the United States (see http://www.evidencebasedpolicing.org/) established their own branches of this learned professional society. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Evidence-based policing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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